明代青花釉里黑凤尾尊

传世品明早期青花釉里黑凤尾尊。
一般元明清官窑的釉下彩通常为发青色钴料和红色的铜料釉里红，但是在发色不正常时，二者都有变化，釉里红发色偏暗红，青花发色则由艳丽偏灰，偏黑，甚至漆黑。二者发色有很大区别，肉眼能简单辨别。慢慢，黑色青花形成了“釉里黑”这个名词，也可以说是黑青花，都是个人习惯。由于“釉里黑”传世品的稀少，不少瓷器爱好者甚至是研究者对釉里黑的认识并不深，甚至闻所未闻。其实，“釉里黑”在元代已经出现，随着景德镇的明代官窑不断发掘，也出现大量类似发色残瓷，尤以洪武时最多，现在展望洪武瓷器，不论是传世品还是发掘品，类似发色不在少数，甚至可以说十有七八为“釉里黑”，主要与当时烧制技术有关。永乐朝烧造水平有所提高，发黑产品相对少了些，宣德朝的釉里黑产品也可以说屡见不鲜，只有到了成化，正德朝，由于使用了高锰低铁的国产青料时，才没有以上的黑褐色等铁锈斑以及通体呈黑色的釉里黑现象。因为在当时毕竟还认为“釉里黑”为青花发色不正所致，是一种瑕疵，类似于“璺”，但是釉里黑发色对于习惯了通常青花的玩瓷者来说，别有韵味。并且它的制作工艺是完全按照青花的标准来制作的，自然其制作工艺，绘画水平与同时代青花器同属一辙。

Handed down in early Ming Dynasty blue and white glazed in black Pteris respect.
Yuan Ming Qing general kiln underglaze cobalt blue is usually made of copper material and red underglaze red, but hair color is not normal, both have changes, and Red hair color cast dark red, blue and white Gray hair color from bright side, partial black and even dark. Two very different hair color, eye to simple identification. Slowly, forming a blue-black "in black enamel," the term can also be said to be black and blue, are personal habits. As the "glazed in black" handed down scarce, many fans and even porcelain enamel in black researchers understand not deep, or even unheard of. In fact, "the glaze in black" has emerged in the Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, Jingdezhen kilns as continue to explore, but also a large number of similar residues ceramic hair color, especially when Hongwu up, now look Hongwu porcelain, whether handed down or identify products , similar to hair color a few, say ten or even seven or eight as "enamel in black," was mainly technology-related firing. Yongle level towards the firing has increased, relatively less of black products, black Xuande toward the enamel products can also be said in common, and only to a fully integrated, Masanori North Korea, due to the use of high manganese green material made of low iron when dark brown above and it did not rust and the whole body such as iron black glaze in black phenomenon. Because after all that time that "glazed in black" is not correct for the blue and white hair color caused by a defect similar to "璺", but the glaze in the color black is usually used for playing with blue and white porcelain are concerned, Do not have the charm. And its production process is in full accordance with the standard blue and white made before, its production process, drawing level with contemporary blue and white devices belong to the same rut.